Schram, Pamela K., Joseph A. Schwartz, and Stephen Tibbetts. 2025. Introduction to Criminology: Why Do They Do It? (4th Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
2025
Allen, Samantha L., and Joseph A. Schwartz. “Correctional Officers with More Service Time are More Likely to Experience Persistent Mental Health Problems.” Criminal Justice and Behavior 52(9):1303–1322. https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548251343825
Schwartz, Joseph A., Douglas A. Granger, Jessica L. Calvi, Christopher A. Jodis, and Benjamin Steiner. “The Implications of Stress among Correctional Officers: A Summary of the Risks and Promising Intervention Strategies.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 70(4):287–308.
Niemeyer, Richard E., K. Ryan Proctor, Joseph A. Schwartz, and Robert G. Niemeyer. “Are Most Published Criminological Research Findings Wrong? Taking Stock of Criminological Research using a Bayesian Simulation Approach.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 69(5):475–494.
2024
Bertoldi, Bridget M., Sofi Oskarsson, Anneli Andersson, Joseph A. Schwartz, Antti Latvala, Henrik Larsson, Adrian Raine, Catherine Tuvblad, and Christopher J. Patrick. “Evidence for the Intergenerational Transmission of Biological Risk for Antisocial Behavior: Low Resting Heart Rate in Fathers Predicts Elevated Criminality in Sons.” Journal of Criminal Justice 94:102258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102258
Schwartz, Joseph A., and Samantha L. Allen. “The Accumulated Impact of Direct and Indirect Workplace Violence Exposure on Mental Health and Physiological Activity among Correctional Officers.” Journal of Criminal Justice 93:102212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2024.102212
Schwartz, Joseph A., Bradon Valgardson, Christopher A. Jodis, Daniel P. Mears, and Benjamin Steiner. “The Accumulated Impact of Critical Incident Exposure on Correctional Officers’ Mental Health.” Criminology 62(3):551–586. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12379
Silver, Ian A., Joseph A. Schwartz, and Samantha L. Allen. “Examining the Reciprocal Associations between Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety and Contact with the Criminal Justice System.” Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 34(5):397–410. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.2354
2023
Jodis, Christopher A., Joseph A. Schwartz, and Dallin C. Everett. “Social Support as a Protective Factor for Alcohol Use Disorders: Results from a Nationally Representative, Quasi-Genetically Informed Study.” Alcohol and Alcoholism 58(1):60–67. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agac059
Portnoy, Jill, and Joseph A. Schwartz. “Adolescent Violent Delinquency is Associated with Emergency Department Usage in Young Adulthood.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 67(8):739–756. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X211066835
Schwartz, Joseph A., Jessica L. Calvi, Samantha L. Allen, and Douglas A. Granger. “Adrenocortical Responses to Daily Stressors are Calibrated by Early Life Adversity: An Investigation of the Adaptive Calibration Model.” Evolutionary Psychology 21(4):1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/14747049231212357
Schwartz, Joseph A., Young-An Kim, Tyra Dark, and Sonja E. Siennick. “Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Availability of Community Medical Services after Leaving Prison.” Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 77:501–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2022-220222
2022
Boccio, Cashen, Joseph A. Schwartz, and Kevin M. Beaver. “The Influence of Low Self-Control and Thoughtfully Reflective Decision Making on Criminal Justice Processing.” American Journal of Criminal Justice 47:506–525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09607-4
Bertoldi, Bridget, Brittany Evans, Sofi Oskarsson, et al. “Relationship between Resting Heart Rate and Law Enforcement Involvement: The Moderating Role of Socioeconomic Status in a Sample of Urban Youth.” Journal of Criminal Justice 82:102004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.102004
Connolly, Eric J., Joseph A. Schwartz, and Kristina Block. “The Role of Poor Sleep on the Development of Self-Control and Antisocial Behavior from Adolescence to Adulthood.” Journal of Criminal Justice 82:101995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2022.101995
Krushas, Amber E., and Joseph A. Schwartz. “An Examination of Toxic Stress in Childhood and Biological Markers of Physical Health in Emerging Adulthood.” Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma 15(1):105–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-022-00436-7
Schwartz, Joseph A., Emily M. Wright, Ryan Spohn, Michael F. Campagna, Benjamin Steiner, and Ebonie Epinger. “Changes in Jail Admissions Before and After Traumatic Brain Injury.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 38:1033–1056. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-021-09524-7
Schwartz, Joseph A., Eric J. Connolly, and Abdulaziz Alsolami. “Within-Individual Changes in Impulsivity and Sensation Seeking from Childhood to Early Adulthood and Educational Attainment.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 51:2190–2204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-022-01663-9
2021
Connolly, Eric J., et al. “Neighborhood Exposure to Violence and Delinquency in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Partial Test of Social Structure and Social Learning Theory.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 36(15–16):NP8747–NP8775. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519845728
Richards, Tara N., Joseph A. Schwartz, and Emily M. Wright. “Examining the Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences in a Nationally Representative Sample of Native Americans.” Child Abuse & Neglect 111:104812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104812
Schwartz, Joseph A. “A Longitudinal Assessment of Head Injuries as a Source of Acquired Neuropsychological Deficits and the Implications for Criminal Persistence.” Justice Quarterly 38(2):196–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418825.2019.1599044
Wright, Emily M., and Joseph A. Schwartz. “The Influence of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Early Adulthood: Evidence of a Gene × Environment × Gender Interaction.” Child Abuse & Neglect 114:104962.
2020
Felson, Savolainen & Schwartz. “The Influence of Alcohol Intoxication on Adolescent Coitus and Unprotected Sex.” Youth & Society 52(8):1395–1431.
Knoblach et al. “Gene-Environment Correlations and Antisocial Behavior.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 64(2-3):187–209.
Lopes et al. “Sex Differences in Cognitive and Moral Appraisals of Infidelity.” Personality and Individual Differences 156:109765.
Schwartz, Fitter & Jodis. “The Detrimental Impact of Brain Injury on Moral Decision Making.” Journal of Experimental Criminology 16(3):407–429.
Schwartz, Savolainen, Granger & Calvi. “Is Crime Bad for Your Health? The Link between Delinquent Offending and Cardiometabolic Risk.” Crime & Delinquency 66(10):1347–1368.
2019
Schwartz & Beaver. “A Longitudinal Examination of the Association between Intelligence and Rearrest.” Developmental Psychology 55(12):2678–2691.
Schwartz, Jessick, Granger & Calvi. “Co-Twin Relationship Quality as a Moderator of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Urinary Cortisol Levels.” Psychoneuroendocrinology 108:118–126.
Schwartz, Jodis, Breen & Parker. “Brain Injury and Adverse Outcomes: A Contemporary Review of the Evidence.” Current Opinion in Psychology 27:67–71.
Schwartz, Solomon & Valgardson. “Socialization, Selection, or Both? The Role of Gene-Environment Interplay.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 35(1):1–26.
Schwartz, Wright & Valgardson. “Adverse Childhood Experiences and Deleterious Outcomes in Adulthood.” Child Abuse & Neglect 88:420–431.
Valgardson & Schwartz. “A Biosocial Analysis of the Intergenerational Transmission of Violence and Maltreatment.” Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 35(1):87–102.
2018
Boccio, Beaver & Schwartz. “The Role of Intelligence in Becoming a Successful Criminal.” Intelligence 66:24–31.
Christ et al. “The Effect of MAOA and Stress Sensitivity on Crime and Delinquency: An Attempted Replication.” Contemporary Journal of Criminal Justice 34(3):336–353.
Connolly, Schwartz, Jackson & Beaver. “How Far Does the Apple Fall from the Tree?” Journal of Criminal Justice 54:50–61.
Savolainen et al. “Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Psychological Deficits.” Journal of Adolescence 65:16–24.
Schwartz, Connolly & Valgardson. “An Evaluation of the Directional Relationship between Head Injuries and Subsequent Changes in Impulse Control.” Journal of Criminal Justice 56:70–80.
2017
Barnes et al. “Estimating Relative Stability in Developmental Research.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 33(2):319–346.
Connolly et al. “Identifying Latent Classes of Antisocial Behavior among Youth from Saudi Arabia.” Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 15(3):219–239.
Schoepfer, Baglivio & Schwartz. “Juvenile Hybrid White-Collar Delinquency.” Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society 18(2):21–38.
Schwartz. “Long-term Physical Health Consequences of Perceived Inequality.” Social Science & Medicine 187:184–192.
Schwartz et al. “Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Parenting Behavior: Results from a Saudi Arabian Sample.” International Journal of Social Welfare 26(3):263–275.
Schwartz, Connolly & Brauer. “Head Injuries and Changes in Delinquency from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 54(6):869–890.
Schwartz, Connolly, Nedelec & Beaver. “Genetic Contributions to the Nonlinear Association between Self-Control and Offending.” Criminal Justice and Behavior 44(9):1163–1182.
Schwartz & Portnoy. “Lower Catecholamine Activity is Associated with Greater Levels of Anger.” International Journal of Psychophysiology 120:33–41.
2016
Barnes, Beaver, Connolly & Schwartz. “Identifying the ‘Truly Disadvantaged.’” International Journal of Behavioral Development 40(3):213–223.
Beaver et al. “The Association between Psychopathic Personality Traits and Victimization.” Psychiatric Quarterly 16(2):217–228.
Beaver et al. “The Effects of Low Self-Control and Delinquent Peers on Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drug Use.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 60(13):1569–1587.
Beaver et al. “Sexual Orientation and Involvement in Nonviolent and Violent Behaviors.” Archives of Sexual Behavior 45:1759–1769.
Beaver et al. “Genetic and Environmental Influences on Being Expelled and Suspended from School.” Personality and Individual Differences 90:214–218.
Beaver et al. “Intelligence and Early Life Mortality.” Death Studies 40(5):298–304.
Schwartz. “Biosocial Prevention Science: A Synthesis of Two Interrelated Perspectives.” Criminology and Public Policy 15(3):1–5.
Schwartz & Beaver. “Revisiting the Association between Television Viewing in Adolescence and Contact with the Criminal Justice System.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 31(14):2387–2411.
Schwartz et al. “Proposing a Pedigree Risk Measurement Strategy.” Twin Research and Human Genetics 18(6):772–784.
Woodley, Schwartz & Beaver. “How Cognitive Genetic Factors Influence Fertility Outcomes.” Twin Research and Human Genetics 19(6):628–637.
2015
Beaver, Barnes, Schwartz & Boutwell. “Enlisting in the Military: The Influential Role of Genetic Factors.” SAGE Open 5(1):1–8.
Beaver, Connolly & Schwartz. “Being a Skilled Fighter is Influenced by Height and Bulk.” Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology 1(4):434–446.
Beaver et al. “The Role of Parenting in the Prediction of Criminal Involvement.” Developmental Psychology 51(3):301–308.
Connolly et al. “Different Slopes for Different Folks.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 44(7):1413–1427.
Schwartz. “Socioeconomic Status as a Moderator of the Genetic and Shared Environmental Influence on IQ.” Intelligence 52:80–89.
Schwartz & Beaver. “A Partial Test of Moffitt’s Developmental Taxonomy.” Justice Quarterly 32(5):768–791.
Schwartz & Beaver. “Making (Up) the Grade? Estimating the Genetic and Environmental Influences of Inflating Self-Reported Measures of GPA.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 44(5):1125–1138.
Schwartz, Beaver & Barnes. “An Examination of Mental Health and Violence among a Nationally Representative Sample of College Students.” PLOS ONE 10(10):e0138914.
Schwartz et al. “Intelligence and Criminal Behavior in a Total Birth Cohort.” Intelligence 51:109–118.
Wright et al. “Mathematical Proof is Not Minutiae and Irreducible Complexity is Not a Theory.” Criminology 53(1):113–120.
2014
Barnes et al. “Demonstrating the Validity of Twin Research in Criminology.” Criminology 52(4):588–626.
Beaver et al. “Psychopathic Personality Traits and their Influence on Parenting Quality.” Psychiatric Quarterly 85(4):497–511.
Beaver et al. “A Closer Look at the Role of Parenting-Related Influences on Verbal Intelligence.” Intelligence 46:179–187.
Beaver et al. “A Quantitative Genetic Analysis of the Associations among Language Skills, Peer Interactions, and Behavioral Problems.” Merrill Palmer Quarterly 60(2):142–167.
Schwartz & Beaver. “Exploring Whether Genetic Differences between Siblings Explain Sibling Differences in Criminal Justice Outcomes.” Comprehensive Psychiatry 55(1):90–103.
Schwartz & Beaver. “A Biosocial Examination of Missingness in Criminological Research.” Journal of Criminal Justice 42(6):452–461.
Schwartz, Rowland & Beaver. “A Genetically Informed Test of Cholesterol Levels and Self-Control.” Journal of Affective Disorders 164(1):139–147.
2013
Beaver et al. “Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Stability and Change in Levels of Self-Control.” Journal of Criminal Justice 45(5):300–308.
Beaver et al. “The Genetic and Environmental Architecture to the Stability of IQ.” Intelligence 41(5):428–438.
Beaver et al. “Intelligence is Associated with Criminal Justice Processing.” Intelligence 41(5):277–288.
Schwartz & Beaver. “Examining the Effects of Dopamine Genes on Verbal IQ.” Journal of Neural Transmission 120(3):477–486.
Schwartz & Beaver. “Serious Fighting-Related Injuries Produce a Significant Reduction in Intelligence.” Journal of Adolescent Health 53(4):520–525.
2012
Beaver, Nedelec, Rowland & Schwartz. “Genetic Risk for Antisocial Behaviors and ADHD Symptomatology.” Child Development and Human Behavior 43(2):293–305.
Nedelec, Schwartz, Connolly & Beaver. “Exploring the Association between IQ and Differential Life Outcomes.” Temas em Psychologia 20(1):31–44.
Rowland, Schwartz, Nedelec & Beaver. “Social Bias and the Development of Self-Control.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 57(5):557–577.
2011
Beaver, Barnes, May & Schwartz. “Psychopathy, Genetic Risk, and Gene-Environment Correlations.” Criminal Justice and Behavior 38(9):896–912.
Beaver, Rowland, Schwartz & Nedelec. “The Genetic Origins of Psychopathic Traits in Adult Males and Females.” Journal of Criminal Justice 39(5):426–432.
Bichler, Orosco & Schwartz. “Take the Car Keys Away: Urban Structure and the Long Road to Delinquency.” Journal of Criminal Justice 40(1):83–93.
Schwartz & Beaver. “Evidence of a Gene × Environment Interaction between Perceived Prejudice and MAOA Genotype.” Journal of Criminal Justice 39(5):378–384.
2010
Bichler, Schwartz & Orosco. “Assessing Subgroup Travel Variability with Segmented Non-Linear Regression.” Crime Patterns and Analysis 3(1):14–37.